Residencia médica, maltrato institucional y salud mental: desafíos para una formación emocionalmente sostenible en México
la residencia médica y el desafío de una formación emocionalmente sostenible
Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar críticamente el maltrato institucional y el desgaste emocional durante la residencia médica en México desde una perspectiva de salud pública, educación médica y salud mental. El presente trabajo corresponde a un ensayo crítico sustentado en revisión narrativa de literatura científica nacional e internacional, así como en documentos normativos relacionados con la formación médica especializada y las condiciones laborales de los médicos residentes en México. Resultados: La evidencia revisada muestra que el maltrato durante la residencia médica constituye un fenómeno persistente caracterizado por abuso verbal, humillación, intimidación, jornadas extenuantes y normalización institucional del sufrimiento. Estas prácticas se asocian con burnout, depresión, ideación suicida, deterioro del desempeño clínico y afectaciones en la seguridad del paciente. Asimismo, se identifica la ausencia de formación emocional formal como una limitación estructural del modelo tradicional de enseñanza médica. Conclusiones: El maltrato institucionalizado en la residencia médica representa un problema de salud pública con implicaciones éticas, clínicas y formativas. Integrar estrategias de acompañamiento emocional, regulación laboral y formación socioemocional constituye una necesidad para avanzar hacia modelos de formación médica más seguros, humanistas y sostenibles.
Citas
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